![](https://smilefunclub.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/transformer-draw.png)
हेलो दोस्तों तो कैसे है आप। आज हम बात करेंगे ट्रांसफार्मर के बारे में। अक्सर आप सब ने अपने घर के आस पास कोई न कोई ट्रांसफार्मर तो देखा ही होगा जो बिजली के दो खम्बे के बिच बड़ी वाली चीज़ होती होती है, और बिजली की तारे उसमे जॉइंट होती है। हमें अपने मन में ये ख़यालात आते है के ये काम कैसे करता है? तो चलो आज हम इस राज़ को खोल ते है।
Table of Contents
- जब हम ट्रांसफार्मर पे Voltage लगाते है तो क्या होता है ?
- अब हम जानेंगे ट्रांसफार्मर के फैराडे का विद्युत चुम्बक प्रेरण सिद्धांत।
- अभी हम जानेंगे ट्रांसफार्मर के प्रकार।
- अभी हम जानेंगे ट्रांसफार्मर के पार्ट्स के बारे में।
ट्रांसफार्मर एक सॉफ्ट आयरन कोर से बना होता है , जिसमे Primary Winding (प्राथमिक बंधन ) Magnetic Core (चुम्बकीय आवरण) Secondary Winding (गौण बंधन) होता है। ट्रांसफार्मर Mutual Induction के सिद्धांत पर काम करता है जो Voltage मतलब वोल्टेज बढ़ाने और घटाने का काम करती है।
Primary Winding -Soft Iron Core के एक सिरे में वायर से लपेट कर वाइंडिंग किया जाता है । इस वाइंडिंग में Turns को कितनी बार लपेटा गया है, उसे हम बोलेंगे Np जिसको आप ऊपर Image पे देख सकते है।
Secondary Winding -Soft Iron Core के दूसरे सिरे में वायर से लपेट कर वाइंडिंग किया जाता है । इस वाइंडिंग में Turns को कितनी बार लपेटा गया है, उसे हम बोलेंगे Ns जिसको आप ऊपर Image पे देख सकते है।
जब हम ट्रांसफार्मर पे Voltage लगाते है तो क्या होता है ?
अब हम Primary साइड पर AC Voltage लगाते है। उसे बोलेंगे हम Vp . अभी Vp Primary साइड पर Current Flow कराएगा जिसे हम बोलेंगे Ip (Primary Current ) . जब करंट Primary Winding में Flow (गुज़रेगा) होगा तो उसमे से प्रवाह निकलेगा जो Coil से निकलता हुआ Soft Core में से गुज़रता हुआ Secondary Winding से होता हुआ वापस Primary में आ जायेगा । जब वो प्रवाह निकल के Secondary Winding में पहुंचेगा तब वह पे वह Change होगा । और एक नया Voltage जन्म लेगा उसे हम बोलेंगे Es (Secondary Electro Motive Force) . और अगर यही प्रवाह Primary Winding में पहुंचता है तो वहा भी एक Voltage Generate करेगा उसे हम बोलेंगे Ep (Primary Electro Motive Force) . जब हम Secondary Winding के दोनों सिरे को बंद कर दे तब वहा एक करंट Flow होगी उसे हम बोलेंगे Is और दोनों सिरों के बिच में जो वोल्टेज Generate होगा उसे हम बोलेंगे Vs . इसमें जब Voltage बढ़ता है तो प्रवाह Flux भी बढ़ता है, और जब Voltage घटता है तो प्रवाह भी घटता है । जब Voltage बढ़ता है तब करंट घटता है, और जब Voltage घटता है तो करंट बढ़ता । इसमें Frequency (आवृत्ति) change नहीं होती। यहाँ पे जब Primary Windings के Turns , Secondary Windings के Turns से ज़्यादा हो तब Voltage बढ़ता है। जब Secondary Windings के Turns , Primary Windings के Turns से ज़्यादा हो तब Voltage घटता है।
![Transformer](https://smilefunclub.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/transformar-thumb.jpg)
अब हम जानेंगे ट्रांसफार्मर के फैराडे का विद्युत चुम्बक प्रेरण सिद्धांत।
ट्रांसफार्मर में घूमने वाला पार्ट नहीं होता। ये केवल AC करंट पे कार्य करता है , DC करंट पे कार्य नहीं करता । ये Voltage नियमन करता है। जिसे हम input से जोड़ ते है उसे हम Primary Winding कहते है, और जिसे हम Output से जोड़ ते है उसे हम Secondary Winding कहते है । जब Primary Winding में विद्युत धरा गुजरेगी तब वहा चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र तैयार होगा तब उसके आधार पर Secondary Winding प्रेरित हो रहा है विद्युत् Generate करने को तो इसे हम बोलेंगे फैराडे का विद्युत चुम्बक प्रेरण सिद्धांत । Primary Winding में turns कम और Secondary Winding में turns ज़्यादा हो तो उसे Step Up ट्रांसफार्मर कहेंगे और अगर Secondary Winding में turns कम और Primary Winding में turns ज़्यादा हो तो उसे Step Down ट्रांसफार्मर कहेंगे ।
अभी हम जानेंगे ट्रांसफार्मर के प्रकार।
- आदर्श (Idle) ट्रांसफार्मर इसकी efficiency (दक्षता) 100 % होती है। इसमें पावर कभी बदलती नहीं है। जितना वो Input करता है उतना ही वो Output कर देता है।
- ऑटो (Auto) ट्रांसफार्मर इसकी efficiency (दक्षता) 99 % होती है।
- स्टैण्डर्ड (Standard) ट्रांसफार्मर इसकी efficiency (दक्षता) 98 % होती है।
- पावर (Power) ट्रांसफार्मर इसकी efficiency (दक्षता) 87-93 % होती है।
- सामान्य तौर पे ट्रांसफार्मर की efficiency (दक्षता) 93-98 % होती है।
- आदर्श ट्रांसफार्मर मे पावर Power और आवृति Frequency like (50 Hz – 60Hz ) को नहीं बदलता, और बाकि ट्रांसफार्मर केवल आवृति Frequency को नहीं बदलता ।
- आदर्श ट्रांसफार्मर करंट और वोल्टेज को बदलता है, और बाकि ट्रांसफार्मर पावर करंट और वोल्टेज को बदलता है ।
![](https://smilefunclub.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/parts-of-the-transfoemer-.jpg)
अभी हम जानेंगे ट्रांसफार्मर के पार्ट्स के बारे में।
- Drain Off
- Tank Cover
- Main Tank
- Conservator Tank
- Breather /Explosion Vent
- Low Voltage Bushes
- Cooling Tubes
जब Main Tank में Oil की खपत होती है तब Conservator Tank से Oil Main Tank में पहुंचता है। जब Main Tank में Oil गर्मी के कारण उबलने लगता है तो वो वेपर हो के Conservator Tank में पहुंचता है इसलिए Conservator Tank हमेशा आधा खाली रहता है। Drain off दो वाल्व होते है । एक होता है inlet Valve और दूसरा Outlet Valve . Inlet Valve Low Voltage Bushes के करीब रहता है। जब ट्रांसफार्मर का Oil ख़राब हो जाता है तब Drain off ke Outlet Valve से Oil निकाल दिया जाता है, और नया Oil inlet Valve से डाला जाता है। अभी आते है Brether पे Silica Gel भरा जाता है। Cooling Tubes में Oil भरा रहता है जो ट्रांसफार्मर को ठंडा रखता है।
तो दोस्तों मैं मिलूंगा आप को अपने अगले Article पे तब तक के लिए आप अपना और अपने परिवार का ख्याल रखे। Take Care.
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